Northern Areas (Alpine and Tundra Biomes) (4)

 


The northern areas of Pakistan contain Alpine and Tundra biomes, both of which are very cold. They make up 8% of all the land in Pakistan.

Location: They are present in mountainous regions such as Chitral, Hunza, Muzaffarabad, Skardu, Kashmir, etc.  Located in Northern Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit Baltistan, as well as Kashmir, global warming has caused their area to shrink. They are located on elevated land.

Features:  Alpine biomes are extremely high and are located at the maximum height of the treetops. Despite extreme cold and dryness, a variety of species survive there. Tundra biomes include mainly mountains and hilltops (Karakoram, Himalayas, etc...) and don't have to be as high as alpine biomes. They are more or less the same, cold regions.

Flora and Fauna: At such high altitudes, permafrost prevents the growth of trees. Only small shrubs, weeds and mosses are able to grow and survive in the cold weather. However, Markhors, Ibexes, and Musk Deer are found in large numbers in such altitudes and live among the conifers. Marmots also make homes inside rocks and hibernate there. A few national parks and cavernous areas include bears and snow leopards, while wild cats also reside there. Grey wolves also live in such altitudes, as the sheep and deer present there are important components of their diet. Owls only perch on top of treetops. 


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